The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment results of postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and the prognostic factors of locally advanced rectal cancer. Sixty nine patients with rectal cancer treated with postoperative CRT were analyzed. Irradiation was given with a total dose of 0.4 Gy in 28 fractions. They all received concurrent - fluorouracil and leucovorin chemotherapy regimens during radiotherapy. Clinical, pathologic and treatment characteristics were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox models. There were thirty-nine male and thirty female patients; their median age was 8. Thirty patients received 1 to 2 cycles of chemotherapy before concurrent CRT, while 39 has started with CRT simultaneously. The median follow-up was 2 months. Late intestinal toxicity appeared in 7 patients and 5 of them had required intestinal resections. Univariate analysis showed that number of involved lymph nodes, AP-PA field technique and having chemotherapy before CRT had significant impact on overall survival (OAS). In multivariate analysis, high number of involved nodes (p=0.004, HR: 1.09) and AP-PA technique (p=0.017, HR: 4.48) were independent poor prognostic factors for OAS. High number of involved nodes and APPA technique were independent poor prognostic factors for survival in patients with rectal carcinoma treated with surgery and postoperative CRT. Our results show that appropriate radiotherapy technique should be utilized for rectal cancer patients in order to improve survival. [Turk J Cancer 2008;38(1): -11]