Detection of genes, which are coding chimerical proteins, by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has a crucial role in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of leukemias. In this study, RT-PCR and nested PCR techniques were performed, in 43 hematological malignancy cases, using primers specific for t(1;19)(q23;p13), t(4;11)(q21;q23), t(8;21)(q22;q22), t(9;22)(q34;q11)p210, t(9;22)(q34;q11)p190, t(12;21)(p13;q22), t(15;17)(q22;q21) translocations and for inv(16)(p13;q22). Four adult chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cases and two pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases were shown to have t(9;22)p210 transcripts. Two adult CML cases, and two adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases and two pediatric ALL cases were found positive for t(9;22)p190 transcripts. Additionally, one adult CML patient had p210 and p190 transcripts together. Translocation t(12;21) in 3 pediatric ALL cases, t(8;21) in an adult AML case, t(15;17) in an adult AML and inv(16) in an adult AML case were detected. Chromosomal aberrations of t(1;19) and t(4;11) were not observed in any case of our patient group. Our findings, evaluated with clinical outcome, are consistent with previous reports. As a sensitive technique, RT-PCR analysis is very useful with the case for whom cytogenetical analysis is not possible due to insufficient metaphase.[Turk J Cancer 2005;35(3):113- 118].