A 63-year-old-man was admitted to the hospital with two months history of abdominal pain, anorexia and weight loss. The endoscopy demonstrated a 2 cm in size, dark blue, pediculated and polypoid tumor almost under the esophagogastric junction with a diagnosis of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME). Patient died of progression of liver metastases 2 months after the diagnosis. Clinical and biological caharacteristics of this rare tumor with its management oppurtinities are also reviewed in the light of pertinent literature. [Turk J Cancer 2006;36(4):182- 184].