It has been shown that 42% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with cancer-related neurological complications either at initial presentation or at follow-up. Understanding the topic thoroughly bears prominent importance in decent clinical approach of both thoracic oncology and neurological sciences. The purpose of this review is to summarize the general knowledge obtained so far in this field while trying to inform the readers about current literature and underline the goals of multidisciplinary approach of neurological complications of lung cancer. Since the metastatic complications of lung cancer are well known, the non-metastatic complications and mostly paraneoplastic diseases will be the subject of focus in this review. [Turk J Cancer 2007;37(1):5-10]